René Reaumur - Biography
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| (source) | René Reaumur (28 Feb - 17 Oct ) French entomologist and physicist with diverse interests. His name remains known for the temperature scale he devised. He studied the manufacture of iron, steel and porcelain. In biology he investigated gastric juices, and the regeneration of the lost limbs of crayfish, as well as writing a six-volume natural history of insects. Short biography of René Reaumur >> |
From The General Biographical Dictionary ()
[p] REAUMUR (René Anthony Farchault, Sieur de), an eminent French naturalist, was born at Rochelle in He learned grammar at the place of his birth, and studied philosophy at the Jesuits college at Poitiers. In he went from thence to Bourges, at the invitation of an uncle, where he studied the civil law. In , he went to Paris, and applied himself wholly to the mathematics and natural philosophy ; and in , being then only twenty-four years old, he was chosen a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences ; and during that and the following year, he described a general method of finding and ascertaining all curves described by the extr
Réaumur conversion (ºRé)
Réaumur
Worldwide use:
The Réaumur scale, named after the French scientist René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, was once a widely used unit of temperature measurement in Europe. Introduced in the early 18th century, it gained popularity in countries such as France, Germany, and Russia. The scale is based on the freezing and boiling points of water, with 0° Réaumur representing the freezing point and 80° Réaumur representing the boiling point.
However, the worldwide use of the Réaumur scale has significantly declined over the years. With the advent of the Celsius (formerly known as centigrade) scale, which was introduced by Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius in the midth century, the Réaumur scale lost its prominence. The Celsius scale, which is now the standard unit of temperature measurement in most countries, offers a more practical and universally applicable system.
Today, the Réaumur scale is rarely used outside of historical or academic contexts. It serves as a reminder of the evolution of temperature measurement and the contributions made by scientists in the past. While it may still be encountered in some older literature or historical docume
Termometrie si principiile termodinamicii
Termometrie si principiile termodinamicii
1 Temperatura
Notiunea de temperatura a luat nastere pe baza senzatiei de rece si de cald. Aceasta senzatie este insa relativa si nu poate fi utilizata in mod nemijlocit.
Experienta arata ca daca se pun in contact direct doua corpuri, unul mai cald si celalalt mai rece, starea ambelor corpuri se modifica, acestea ajungand la echilibru.
Corpurile care sunt la echilibru termic produc aceeasi senzatie de caldura. Din aceasta cauza pot fi caracterizate prin acelasi parametru, caracteristic acestei senzatii, numit temperatura empirica.
Experimental s-a mai observat ca, daca dintre cele doua corpuri in echilibru termic unul este in echilibru cu un al treilea corp, atunci si cel de-al doilea corp va fi in echilibru termic cu cel de-al treilea. Deci toate cele trei corpuri pot fi caracterizate cu aceeasi valoare a temperaturii. Aceasta observatie referitoare la tranzitivitatea echilibrului termic poate fi extinsa la un numar arbitrar de corpuri, legea astfel formulata reprezentand principiul zero al termodinamicii. El sta la baza introducerii notiunii de temperatura si masurarii ei.
Masurarea
I Temperatura empirică. Scări de temperatură.
Două sisteme termodinamice închise și izolate adiabatic de exterior care nu schimbă energie între ele au aceeași temperatură, numită temperatură empirică.
Temperaturaeste o mărime fizică de stare măsurată cu termometru, care implică un corp termometric, o mărime termometrică și o scară de temperatură.
🔦 Observație
Când se măsoară temperatura unui corp, termometrul este pus în contact termic cu corpul (excepție face cel cu infraroșii, care măsoară de la distanță temperatura). După stabilirea echilibrului termic, temperatura corpului este egală cu temperatura termometrului.
Principiul zero al termodinamicii (tranzitivității echilibrului termic):
Dacă sistemul A este în echilibru termic cu sistemul B și sistemul B este în echilibru termic cu sistemul C, atunci și sistemul A este în echilibru termic cu sistemul C.
În fizicianul suedez Anders Celsius a propus o scară de temperatură pentru termometrul cu mercur, numită scara Celsius care are două repere :
Temperatura de topire a gheții de 0°C, la presiune atmosferică normală (≅ Pa).
Temperatura de fierbere a apei de °C, la presiune atmosferică norm
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